A miniature optical extinction heated probe for fog droplet measurements in steam turbines

A miniature all-optical photoacoustic imaging probe

A miniature (250 μm outer diameter) photoacoustic probe for endoscopic applications has been developed. It comprises a single delivery optical fibre with a transparent Fabry Perot (FP) ultrasound sensor at its distal end. The fabrication of the sensor was achieved by depositing a thin film multilayer structure comprising a polymer spacer sandwiched between a pair of dichroic dielectric mirrors ...

Steam Turbines for Biomass Plants

Aero-Optical Measurements in a Heated, Subsonic, Turbulent Boundary Layer

A scaling relationship for OPDrms that accounts for the fluctuating total temperature profile within a turbulent boundary is derived from the modified Crocco relation. Experimental data from heated, compressible boundary layers at six subsonic Mach numbers in two wind tunnel facilities are shown to be consistent with the theory. The results show that a temperature mismatch between the freestrea...

Avoiding Stressed-Out Steam Turbines

assembly, Pro/ENGINEER CAD geometry was imported into ANSYS Mechanical software and meshed using SOLID185 elements. Frictionless surface-tosurface contact pairs with augmented Lagrangian algorithms were created between mating surfaces. A matching node pattern was maintained at the root and slot pressure faces, where load transfers take place between the two components. As an in-house design pra...

Developments in Steam Turbines for the Sugar Industry

Demands for higher outputs have been met by careful tailoring of steam turbines for both mechanical and electrical power generation to meet the needs of thermal efficiency and reliability at an econoinic cost. Major system components and the methods chosen for speed control are described. Important operational requirements are featured.